NextCloud

Updated 14 Avril 2021

Nextcloud

Contenu texte

Introduction
Préparer un conteneur LXC
Installation et configuration de PostgreSQL
Installation et configuration de Nginx
Installation de Nextcloud
Configuration HTTPS
Configuration du cache
Conclusion

Introduction

Nextcloud est un logiciel web pour la synchronisation des données, le stockage cloud et le partage de fichiers.

Préparer un conteneur LXC

Nous recommandons d'installer Nextcloud dans un conteneur distinct que vous auriez configuré selon le manuel.

Installation et configuration de PostgreSQL

Installez et configurez PostgreSQL selon le manuel. Remplacez la base de données ~~dbtest~~ de l'exemple par nextcloud, et à la place de l'utilisateur ~~test~~ créez nextcloud.

Installation et configuration de Nginx

Installez et configurez le serveur web Nginx et PHP-FPM conformément au manuel.

Installation de Nextcloud

Ci-dessous, vous trouverez des explications sur l'installation de Nextcloud à partir du code source. Les mises à jour ultérieures seront effectuées via l'interface web ou directement depuis la ligne de commande du service.

Télécharger et extraire Nextcloud

Pour décompresser l'archive Nextcloud, vous aurez besoin d'un archiveur unzip. Si le paquet n'est pas installé sur votre système, commencez par l'installer :

emerge -a app-arch/unzip

Créez les chemins d'accès nécessaires, puis téléchargez et décompressez le service :

mkdir -p /var/calculate/www/nextcloud/{upload,save}

cd /var/calculate/www/nextcloud

wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/latest.zip

unzip latest.zip

mv nextcloud htdocs

rm latest.zip

Modifiez les privilèges:

chown -R nginx. .

Configuration de Nginx pour NextCloud

Configurez Nginx pour le nom de domaine ~cloud.example.org~ :

/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/cloud.example.org.conf

upstream php-handler {
    server unix:/run/php-fpm.socket;
}
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name cloud.example.org;
    # Path to the root of your installation
    root /var/calculate/www/nextcloud/htdocs/;
    # Logs
    access_log /var/log/nginx/cloud.example.org.access.log main;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/cloud.example.org.error.log;
    # Max upload size
    client_max_body_size 10G;
    fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;
    # Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers
    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_comp_level 4;
    gzip_min_length 256;
    gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
    gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;

    # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
    # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
    # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
    # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
    # could take several months.
    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains";
    add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer" always;
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
    add_header X-Download-Options "noopen" always;
    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
    add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none" always;
    add_header X-Robots-Tag "none" always;
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;

    location = /robots.txt {
        allow all;
        log_not_found off;
        access_log off;
    }

    # Для получения сертификата ssl
    location ~ /.well-known {
               allow all;
    }

    location = /.well-known/carddav {
        return 301 $scheme://$host:$server_port/remote.php/dav;
    }

    location = /.well-known/caldav {
        return 301 $scheme://$host:$server_port/remote.php/dav;
    }

    location / {
        rewrite ^ /index.php$uri;
    }

    location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)/ {
        deny all;
    }

    location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {
        deny all;
    }

    location ~ ^\/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core\/ajax\/update|status|ocs\/v[12]|updater\/.+|oc[ms]-provider\/.+|.+\/richdocumentscode\/proxy)\.php(?:$|\/) {
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(\/.*|)$;
        set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info;
        try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404;
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
        fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
        # Avoid sending the security headers twice
        fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;
        # Enable pretty urls
        fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
        fastcgi_pass php-handler;
        fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
        fastcgi_request_buffering off;
    }

    location ~ ^/(?:updater|ocs-provider)(?:$|/) {
        try_files $uri/ =404;
        index index.php;
    }

    # Adding the cache control header for js and css files
    # Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block
    location ~ \.(?:css|js|woff|woff2?|svg|gif)$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463";
        # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
        # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
        # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
        # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
        # could take several months.
        add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
        add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
        add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
        add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
        add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
        # Optional: Don't log access to assets
        access_log off;
    }

    location ~ \.(?:png|html|ttf|ico|jpg|jpeg)$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
        # Optional: Don't log access to other assets
        access_log off;
    }
}

Configuration PHP-FPM

Configurez les variables d'environnement PHP-FPM :

/etc/php/fpm-php7.4/fpm.d/www.conf

; Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH. All $VARIABLEs are taken from
; the current environment.
; Default Value: clean env
env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME
env[PATH] = /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/opt/bin
env[TMP] = /tmp
env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
env[TEMP] = /tmp

Configurez l'OPcache de PHP-FPM :

/etc/php/fpm-php7.4/php.ini

[PHP]
; Maximum amount of memory a script may consume
; http://php.net/memory-limit
memory_limit = 512M

[opcache]
; Determines if Zend OPCache is enabled for the CLI version of PHP
opcache.enable_cli=1

; How often (in seconds) to check file timestamps for changes to the shared
; memory storage allocation. ("1" means validate once per second, but only
; once per request. "0" means always validate)
opcache.revalidate_freq=1

Redémarrez Nginx et PHP-FPM pour valider :

nginx -t

nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

/etc/init.d/nginx reload

nginx | * Checking nginx configuration ...                                    [ ok ]
nginx | * Refreshing nginx configuration ...                                  [ ok ]

/etc/init.d/php-fpm restart

php-fpm | * Stopping PHP FastCGI Process Manager ...                          [ ok ]
php-fpm | * Testing PHP FastCGI Process Manager config ...                    [ ok ]
php-fpm | * Starting PHP FastCGI Process Manager ...                          [ ok ]

Configuration de Nextcloud

Ajoutez ~~cloud.example.org~~ tournant sur l'IP ~192.168.0.1~~ au serveur DNS de votre réseau local ou modifiez la ligne :

/etc/hosts

192.168.0.1 cloud.example.org

Rendez-vous sur la page ~http://cloud.example.org~~~ avec votre navigateur Web pour finaliser la configuration de Nextcloud.

Configuration HTTPS

Obtenir le certificat Let's Encrypt

Procurez-vous un certificat de domaine pour ~~cloud.example.org~~ pour Nginx en suivant les instructions du manuel.

Mise en place de la prise en charge de HTTPS dans Nginx

Configurez Nginx pour assurer la prise en charge de HTTPS, en suivant les instructions du manuel.

Configurer HTTPS pour Nextcloud

Configurez Nginx pour le domaine ~cloud.example.org~ :

/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/cloud.example.org.conf

upstream php-handler {
    server unix:/run/php-fpm.socket;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name cloud.example.org;
    rewrite ^ https://$server_name$request_uri? permanent;
}

server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/cloud.example.org/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/cloud.example.org/privkey.pem;
    include ssl.conf;
    server_name cloud.example.org;
    # Path to the root of your installation
    root /var/calculate/www/nextcloud/htdocs/;
    # Logs
    access_log /var/log/nginx/cloud.example.org.access.log main;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/cloud.example.org.error.log;
    # Max upload size
    client_max_body_size 10G;
    fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;
    # Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers
    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_comp_level 4;
    gzip_min_length 256;
    gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
    gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;

    # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
    # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
    # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
    # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
    # could take several months.
    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains";
    add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer" always;
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
    add_header X-Download-Options "noopen" always;
    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
    add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none" always;
    add_header X-Robots-Tag "none" always;
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;

    location = /robots.txt {
        allow all;
        log_not_found off;
        access_log off;
    }

    # Для получения сертификата ssl
    location ~ /.well-known {
               allow all;
    }

    location = /.well-known/carddav {
        return 301 $scheme://$host:$server_port/remote.php/dav;
    }

    location = /.well-known/caldav {
        return 301 $scheme://$host:$server_port/remote.php/dav;
    }

    location / {
        rewrite ^ /index.php$uri;
    }

    location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)/ {
        deny all;
    }

    location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {
        deny all;
    }

    location ~ ^\/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core\/ajax\/update|status|ocs\/v[12]|updater\/.+|oc[ms]-provider\/.+|.+\/richdocumentscode\/proxy)\.php(?:$|\/) {
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(\/.*|)$;
        set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info;
        try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404;
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
        fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
        # Avoid sending the security headers twice
        fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;
        # Enable pretty urls
        fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
        fastcgi_pass php-handler;
        fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
        fastcgi_request_buffering off;
    }

    location ~ ^/(?:updater|ocs-provider)(?:$|/) {
        try_files $uri/ =404;
        index index.php;
    }

    # Adding the cache control header for js and css files
    # Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block
    location ~ \.(?:css|js|woff|woff2?|svg|gif)$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463";
        # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
        # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
        # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
        # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
        # could take several months.
        add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
        add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
        add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
        add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
        add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
        # Optional: Don't log access to assets
        access_log off;
    }

    location ~ \.(?:png|html|ttf|ico|jpg|jpeg)$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
        # Optional: Don't log access to other assets
        access_log off;
    }
}

Configuration du cache

Redis est une structure de données en mémoire qui peut être utilisée pour la gestion du cache. Pour utiliser Redis, installez d'abord les logiciels nécessaires:

emerge dev-db/redis dev-php/pecl-redis virtual/pkgconfig

Ajoutez Redis à la liste de démarrage automatique, exécutez-le puis relancez PHP-FPM :

rc-update add redis

 * service redis added to runlevel default

/etc/init.d/redis start

php-fpm | * Starting redis ...                                                [ ok ]

/etc/init.d/php-fpm restart

php-fpm | * Stopping PHP FastCGI Process Manager ...                          [ ok ]
php-fpm | * Testing PHP FastCGI Process Manager config ...                    [ ok ]
php-fpm | * Starting PHP FastCGI Process Manager ...                          [ ok ]

Ajoutez les paramètres Redis sur Nextcloud :

/var/calculate/www/nextcloud/htdocs/config/config.php

&lt;?php
$CONFIG = array (
  'instanceid' =&gt; 'secret',
  'passwordsalt' =&gt; 'secret',
  'secret' =&gt; 'secret',
  'trusted_domains' =&gt;
  array (
    0 =&gt; 'cloud.example.org',
  ),
  'datadirectory' =&gt; '/var/calculate/www/nextcloud/htdocs/data',
  'overwrite.cli.url' =&gt; 'https://cloud.example.org',
  'dbtype' =&gt; 'pgsql',
  'version' =&gt; '13.0.2',
  'dbname' =&gt; 'nextcloud',
  'dbhost' =&gt; 'localhost',
  'dbport' =&gt; '',
  'dbtableprefix' =&gt; 'oc_',
  'dbuser' =&gt; 'nextcloud',
  'dbpassword' =&gt; 'secret',
  'installed' =&gt; true,
  'maintenance' =&gt; false,
  'memcache.local' =&gt; '\\OC\\Memcache\\Redis',
  'memcache.locking' =&gt; '\\OC\\Memcache\\Redis',
  'redis' =&gt; array(
    'host' =&gt; 'localhost',
    'port' =&gt; 6379,
  ),
);

Par défaut, Redis utilise 64 Mo de mémoire vive. Il est possible que cela ne suffise pas pour que Nextcloud fonctionne normalement, provoquant l'erreur OOM command not allowed when used memory > 'maxmemory' (commande non autorisée lorsque la mémoire utilisée est supérieure à la mémoire maximale). Définissez la taille maximale de mémoire vive à utiliser par Redis :

/etc/redis.conf

...
maxmemory 256mb

Conclusion

Voilà, votre Nextcloud est opérationnel ! Mais ce n'est que le début. Libre à vous de découvrir les incroyables fonctionnalités de votre nuage personnel Nextcloud. Reportez-vous à la page [Travailler avec Nextcloud] (working_with_nextcloud) pour en savoir plus.

Note

Vous pouvez également vous abonner à notre groupe de discussion @nextcloud@calculate.social sur Mastodon.