Configuring a Samba server
Updated 8 March 2019
Introduction
Samba is a popular open source software package that provides Microsoft® Windows® file and print services to clients. You can configure your Samba server with Calculate Utilities, found in the sys-apps/calculate-server package. Для хранения учётных записей пользователей, групп и машин и управления ими утилиты используют OpenLDAP-сервер. All necessary software comes out of box in Calculate Directory Server.
You can use any Calculate Linux Desktop as the Linux client (CLD, CLDC, CLDL, CLDM, or else CLDX). Different Windows operating systems can be used as Windows clients. Microsoft Windows does not support NT4 domains any more. However, with some modifications, you can still use latest Windows operating systems with a Samba NT4 domain.
Server configuration
Настройка Samba-сервера выполняется в несколько этапов. Так как все данные пользователей и машин хранятся в LDAP, вначале неободимо выполнить настройку OpenLDAP-сервера, а затем - настройку LDAP для хранения учётных записей пользователей Linux. You need this to run Linux clients. После этого можно настроить Samba-сервер.
LDAP server configuration
Настройте LDAP-сервер согласно руководству.
Samba configuration
Before setting up a Samba server, let us configure LDAP for storage of Unix user accounts. To do so, run:
* WARNING: Running this program will modify the configuration files and the LDAP database. If you want to continue, enter 'yes', else enter 'no': yes * Added ldif file ... [ ok ] * Unix service configured ... [ ok ]
To configure your Samba server, please run:
* WARNING: Running this program will modify the configuration files and the LDAP database. If you want to continue, enter 'yes', else enter 'no': yes * Added ldif file ... [ ok ] * Starting Samba ... [ ok ] * User client added to Unix service * User client added to Samba service * User admin added to Unix service * User admin added to Samba service * Samba service configured ... [ ok ]
You can specify netbios or workgroup as options.
- -n name - устанавливает имя NetBIOS, под которым будет работать Samba сервер. По умолчанию оно устанавливается равным первому компоненту DNS-имени хоста.
- - w workgroup is the name of the domain or NT workgroup for computers that will access this server.
Set the administrator password (user login admin ):
Enter a new password:
Repeat the new password:
* Password of user admin of Samba service modified
Note
admin is only used to add a Windows client computer to the domain. Admin has no home directory.
Если нужен администратор домена для управления компьютерами на Windows, создайте нового пользователя и включите его в доменную группу Domain Admins.
Here is an example of creating a domain administrator:
New SMB password: Repeat SMB password: * User d_admin added to Unix service * User d_admin added to Samba service
Add and remove users
Для работы с пользователями используйте аналоги стандартных Unix-команд: cl-useradd, cl-userdel, cl-usermod, cl-passwd, cl-groupadd, cl-groupdel, cl-groupmod. Their syntax largely coincides with the ones of the system utilities of the same name.
Try adding the test user and give them a password:
* User test added to Unix service * User test added to Samba service
New password: Repeat new password: * Password of user of Unix service modified * Password of user test of Samba service modified
Privileges settings
Configuring file system access rights
To edit file permissions on the server, use ACL ( Access Control List ). Изменяя права на файлы, вы ограничиваете к ним доступ в равной степени как для Windows-, так и для Linux-клиентов. The files and directories you have no access to will not be displayed in the Samba volume.
Access permissions are applied to both files and directories. You can specify permissions for the file owner or a group.
Если Windows-клиент будет распознавать только Samba-группы, то в Linux будут отображаться имена Unix- и Samba-групп. Поэтому, для разграничения прав доступа, предпочтительней использовать Samba-группы.
Для примера создадим Samba-группу manager:
* Group 'manager' added to Samba service
Для создания Unix-группы job, достаточно выполнить:
* Group 'job' added to Unix service
Настройка прав доступа для пользователей Windows-компьютеров
To edit additional privileges for Windows computers, such as: the right to install programs, the right to exit a domain, etc., use Samba groups.
Below is an example of giving domain administrator's privileges to the test user:
* Users added to group Domain Admins
Структура Samba-групп
Samba-группы могут быть следующих типов:
- Domain groups (type group number 2)
- Local groups (type group number 4)
- Built-in groups (group type number 5 )
Default groups:
-
Доменные группы - глобальные группы, которые действуют в домене.
- Domain Admins for domain administrators (full access privileges inside the domain).
- Domain Guests for domain guests (minimal privileges).
- Domain Users for domain users.
- Domain Computers for domain computers.
-
Локальные группы - группы, действующие локально на данном компьютере.
There is no local groups. -
Built-in groups are groups embedded in the system.
- Administrators - Administrators (full privileges)
- Account Operators are account operators. They create and manage groups and user account information, back up files and directories.
- Backup Operators are archive operators. They backup and restore from backup, and also shut down the system.
- Print Operators are print operators. They manage printers and backup.
- Replicators are replicators. This group is used by the File Replication service on domain controllers.
- System Operators are system operators. They handle system time setup, system shutdown, including remotely, backup and restoring from a backup, server locking and unlocking, hard disk format, network directories management, and also printers.
Here is how you create a domain test group. A domain group with group type number 2 is created by default.
* Group 'test' added to Samba service
For example, create a built-in group, named Power Users , to put together users with advanced privileges.
* Group 'Power Users' added to Samba service
Where:
- g is the group ID,
547 - rid is the RID, which stands for relative ID,
547 - t is the group type,
5(built-in group)
Подключение Unix-клиентов
Для подключения Unix-клиентов укажите пароль для служебного пользователя client:
New password: Repeat new password: * Password of user client of Samba service modified
Run the following on the client computer:
* Check DOMAIN for domain locations ... [ok] Password to add the workstation to the domain: * Samba location [remote] connected * Templates for joining the domain applied ... * The computer has been configured to work in the domain * Computer added to DOMAIN domain
где DOMAIN - сетевое имя или IP-адрес сервера.
Подключение Windows-клиентов
Important
In Windows, activate the Admin account by running the following:
net user Administrator /active:yes
Connecting a Windows 7 client
Для подключения клиента с ОС Windows 7 войдите в систему под учётной записью Администратора и с помощью текстового редактора создайте текстовый файл с именем samba_7_2008_fix.reg со следующим содержимым:
samba_7_2008_fix.reg
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00 [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\LanManWorkstation\Parameters] "DomainCompatibilityMode"=dword:00000001 "DNSNameResolutionRequired"=dword:00000000
Double-click the file to import it to the registry. Reboot to apply.
Теперь необходимо ввести компьютер в Samba-домен. To do so, go to the computer's Properties, and from there on to the Remote Access settings. Click on the "Change" button in the Computer Name tab.
Далее укажите, что компьютер является членом домена, и введите его имя:
Введите имя и пароль пользователя, созданного на Samba-сервере и входящего в группу администраторов домена:
The computer now belongs to the domian:
Adding a Windows 10 client
To connect a client using Windows 10, log in as the Administrator and create a text file named samba_7_2008_fix.reg , containing the following:
samba_7_2008_fix.reg
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00 [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\LanManWorkstation\Parameters] "DomainCompatibilityMode"=dword:00000001 "DNSNameResolutionRequired"=dword:00000000
Double-click the file to import it to the registry. Reboot to apply.
Edit the /etc/samba/smb.conf configuration file, adding the following to the "global" section:
/etc/samba/smb.conf
[global] ... server max protocol = NT1 ...
После этого перезапустите сервис samba:
samba | * samba -> stop: smbd ... [ ok ] samba | * samba -> stop: nmbd ... [ ok ] samba | * samba -> start: smbd ... [ ok ] samba | * samba -> start: nmbd ... [ ok ]
Теперь необходимо ввести компьютер в Samba-домен. To do so, go to the computer's Properties, and from there on to the Remote Access settings. Click on the "Change" button in the Computer Name tab.
Далее укажите, что компьютер является членом домена, и введите его имя:
Введите имя и пароль пользователя, созданного на Samba-сервере и входящего в группу администраторов домена:
The computer now belongs to the domian:
Adding a Windows Server 2008 client
To connect a client using Windows 2008, log in as the Administrator and create a text file named samba_7_2008_fix.reg , containing the following:
samba_7_2008_fix.reg
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00 [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\LanManWorkstation\Parameters] "DomainCompatibilityMode"=dword:00000001 "DNSNameResolutionRequired"=dword:00000000
Double-click the file to import it to the registry. Reboot to apply.
Теперь необходимо ввести компьютер в Samba)домен. To do so, go to the computer's Properties, and from there on to the Remote Access settings. Click on the "Change" button in the Computer Name tab.
Далее укажите, что компьютер является членом домена, и введите его имя:
Введите имя и пароль пользователя, созданного на Samba-сервере и входящего в группу администраторов домена:
The computer now belongs to the domian:
Viewing information
To view information on server users and groups, use the cl-info tool. Either unix or samba service can be a parameter.
For instance, to view the list of Unix users, run:
All LDAP users for Unix service +------+--------+-----------------------------+------------------+---------------------+ | ID | Login | Full name | Primary group | Home directory | +------+--------+-----------------------------+------------------+---------------------+ | 900 | client | Client unix workstation | 900 | /dev/null | | 901 | admin | Administrator samba service | 544 | /dev/null | | 1000 | user1 | Calculate user | user1 | /home/user1 | | 1001 | user2 | Calculate user | user2 | /home/user2 | +------+--------+-----------------------------+------------------+---------------------+ (4 lines)
To list Samba users, run:
All LDAP users for service Samba +--------+-----------------------------+--------------+--------+ | Login | Full name | Blocked | Password | +--------+-----------------------------+--------------+--------+ | client | Client unix workstation | No | Yes | | admin | Administrator samba service | No | Yes | | user1 | Calculate user | No | Yes | | user2 | Calculate user | No | Yes | +--------+-----------------------------+--------------+--------+ (4 строк)
To view information on user1, who uses a Unix service, run:
Information on user user1 for service Unix +-----------------------+--------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-----------------------+--------------------------+ | ID | 1000 | | Login | user1 | | Full name | Calculate user | | Blocked | No | | Shown | Yes | | Primary group | user1 | | Additional groups | user1 | | | group | | Home directory | /home/user1 | | Shell | /bin/bash | | Password | Yes | | Password modified | 25.09.2018 | | Jabber ID | user1@server.example.com | | Email | usr1@example.com | +-----------------------+--------------------------+ (14 lines)
To view information on user1, who uses a Samba service:
Информация о пользователе user1 для сервиса Samba +-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------+ | Login | user1 | | Full name | Calculate user | | Blocked | No | | Password | Yes | | Password modified | 25.09.2018 | | Additional groups | No | | Home directory | /var/calculate/server-data/samba/home/user1 | | Shared directory | /var/calculate/server-data/samba/share | | Linux profile | /var/calculate/server-data/samba/profiles/unix/user1 | | Windows profile | /var/calculate/server-data/samba/profiles/win/user1 | | Windows logon | /var/calculate/server-data/samba/netlogon/user1 | +-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------+ (11 lines)
For instance, to list Unix groups, run:
All LDAP groups for Unix service +------------+--------------------+------+ | Group | Full name | GID | +------------+--------------------+------+ | maildomain | Default Mail Users | 1000 | | user1 | Calculate group | 1001 | | user2 | Calculate group | 1002 | | group | Calculate group | 1003 | +------------+--------------------+------+ (4 lines)
To list Samba groups, run:
All LDAP groups for service Samba +-------------------+-----+-------------------+ | Group | GID | Group Type | +-------------------+-----+-------------------+ | System Operators | 549 | built-in group | | Print Operators | 550 | built-in group | | Domain Guests | 514 | domain group | | Domain Admins | 512 | domain group | | Account Operators | 548 | built-in group | | Domain Users | 513 | domain group | | Administrators | 544 | built-in group | | client | 900 | domain group | | Backup Operators | 551 | built-in group | | Replicators | 552 | built-in group | | Domain Computers | 515 | domain group | +-------------------+-----+-------------------+ (11 lines)
For example, here is a command to view information about the group group of the Unix service:
+-----------------------+-----------------+ | Field | Value | +-----------------------+-----------------+ | Group | group | | Full name | Calculate group | | GID | 1003 | | Users in group | user1 | | | user2 | +-----------------------+-----------------+ (5 lines)
For example, here is a command to view information about the Domain Users group of the Samba service:
Information on Domain Users group for Samba service +-----------------------+-----------------+ | Field | Value | +-----------------------+-----------------+ | Group | Domain Users | | Full name | Domain Users | | GID | 513 | | Group type | domain group | | Users in group | No | +-----------------------+-----------------+ (5 lines)